Server system: windows and linux system network:
Now let’s take a look at the network infrastructure of the server. Generally, as your administrator, you may not need to consider the network infrastructure, but if you are a company that provides rental servers, then you need to pay attention to your own network.
Note for domain name servers: Unless you own a domain name server, it is recommended that you bind two servers, a primary server and a secondary server, to ensure that at least one can respond in a timely manner.
Reverse DNS note: The DNS of each server is the only standard for your website to be recognized on the Internet, but unfortunately, some servers do not have the correct DNS, which requires you to ensure that the identity of the server is true and valid.
Network firewall: A secure server should consist of two routers and network firewalls. We should not ignore any of them. Anyone who sneaks into your first defense will be blocked by the second defense.
Web server software selection is important
Web server software
With the rise of websites, there are more and more applications of web servers. At present, the most widely used is the Apache HTTP server, which is by far the most widely used web server software, and is recognized as safe, reliable, and excellent in scalability.
In addition, we also have many server software to choose from, such as Microsoft’s IIS, Nginx and lighttpd. There are also some small web servers derived from Apache. You can choose a web server based on the following factors:
1. Choice of using web server and programming code
2. The operating system you are using (for example, IIS can only run on the Windows operating system)
3. Daily traffic of your website
4. The features you need and the depth of scalability
Microsoft IIS7 　Various web server software may claim to have advantages over others in terms of speed and security, but many are based on their own configuration and application performance. Everyone must be careful when choosing, and don’t be confused by the business.
Other server software
Choosing your operating system and web software is just the beginning. If you need a dedicated server to build the server you need, you need to choose some specific server software, for example, database server, DNS, mail server, firewall, virtualization and so on.
DNS: The management of the domain name server is very important. It is different for you to connect your server to the Internet in any way. There is a difference between Windows, Linux and Unix.
Database server: The use of databases varies greatly. Before deciding to use software, you need to think about the type of database. You can choose whether it is a relational database or a non-relational database. There are countless changes within these two categories. For example, if you choose a relational database, you can choose a powerful MySQL database server, or you can choose a simple SQLite.
Scripting language: Dynamic Web scripts can use almost all scripting languages. Someone can even use multiple languages ​​in the same application. PHP is currently a very popular language. And Jave may also be encountered in the application. Other languages: Linux distributions may be easier to decide on the software, because many of them use their own set of packages to work. You can mix and match different software to build your ideal server.

Network and operating system security foundation
Network Security Fundamentals
In order to protect the security of the server, you may need to choose a different firewall. At present, the phenomenon of network attacks is very common, and all attacks are concentrated on the ports on the network. For example, cyber criminals use your open tool to scan the open ports of your server, and then use the port to attack.
Ideally, there are two ways to use firewalls for server security protection: the router and the server itself. The router firewall usually closes the ports that your server does not use, and may even prevent some specific attacks. The server’s own firewall software can provide further protection. The server is safe, so as to further protect against specific hazards.
Server Security-Network firewall 　 Linux servers are less attacked, but they still happen from time to time. You can configure the iptables kernel firewall. APF is another firewall that people prefer, and it is easier to configure.
Operating system security
The security of the operating system is very complex. This is a large collection of software that can directly access the hardware. Therefore, it is particularly important to protect the security of the server operating system.
You need to do the following from time to time:
1. Update the kernel. The Linux kernel is the core of the server operating system. When it is attacked, the server can be paralyzed. It is important to keep the kernel updated and safe.
2. Vulnerability scanning, regularly scan your server for vulnerabilities and fix them.
3. Password strength, it may sound trivial to you, but weak passwords are often the culprit of the server being attacked. Ensure that the password is strong and force the user’s password strength.
4. File security, the file security of the server must be very important. When you put a virus-carrying file in the server, it can be said that a big hole is opened for your server.
5. File permissions. If the user should not have the permission to access a file, he should be restricted. It is necessary to distinguish whether the file is readable or writable.
Application security
When it comes to application security, you should consider the following three situations:
1. Standard applications, you can install them in the server operating system only when you need them. For example, server operating systems generally do not need Baofengyingyin or music playback software.
2. Antivirus and firewall programs should be set to start automatically.
3. Web applications and server-side scripts, you need to determine according to actual needs.
Furthermore, for standard applications, you must ensure that they are updated frequently to ensure that they are the latest version and update security fixes in real time to avoid unnecessary security vulnerabilities. The protection program should also be updated frequently. If you are using a Linux system, the protection program should not be run under the ROOT user. This is very insecure. You should create a special account to run the protection program. Web applications and scripting languages ​​should be checked for vulnerabilities and updated frequently. You should also consider using an application firewall to add another layer of security.
File system
Unix and Linux servers are more easily mentioned than Windows servers, so you should be familiar with the file system of your server. The file system is separated by slashes. Just like the URL format, your home directory can look like /home/ user/web/docs, not F:homeuserwebdocs.
File system structure 　 Another unique feature of Linux and Unix file systems is that files are often not extensible. For example, the file with the command “grep” is indeed the word “grep” without the extension. On Windows, it may be “grep.exe”. For the web, most files still have extensions (ie HTML, JPG, and OGG).

Introduction to the difference between Windows and Linux
For the current SME users, Windows and Linux users are the ones who use it the most. Here is an introduction to their advantages and disadvantages. This is not an article about using Linux or Window operating systems. It is just a measure of the operation of each Linux or Window operating system. The advantages of the system so that we can make an informed decision about which operating system to install.
Linux operating system
Price-Linux operating system is cheaper because it is open source, which means you can install all the options in the operating system. The Linux operating system can attract a large number of server administrators because it does not require software license authorization fees.
Script support-Linux can support applications such as PHP, MySQL and Perl, and on the other hand, Windows systems can also support these languages. If you plan to or are using these scripts or codes on your website, the use of the Windows operating system is not very prominent in some aspects, and the scripts are not compatible on different platforms.
Linux system 　 conversion-Many server technicians will encounter some problems that Linux software will not encounter when converting their websites on Windows. However, it is relatively simple and flexible to convert a website to a Windows platform.
Windows operating system
Price–Because the Windows system is not an open source operating system, the price is much more expensive than the Linux system. Depending on the type of operating system you decide to use, it can cost hundreds to thousands of dollars.
.NET technical support-developed by Microsoft. NET technology is very meaningful, and the Windows operating system can provide support for it. On the other hand, the Linux system cannot support it. NET technology. Support for Microsoft databases-Windows operating systems based on dedicated servers can support Microsoft Access or Microsoft SQL. These databases cannot be run on Linux dedicated servers.
Windows operating system 　 In order to determine which operating system is suitable for your dedicated server, it is very important to carefully plan the development and layout of the website. Make a budget for your hardware and monthly expenses. Choosing between Linux and Windows operating systems is indeed a matter of personal preference. It is best to consult your developers to understand which code language is more suitable for use. Please keep in mind that if you decide to use the Windows operating system, you will need to pay more for the license authorization.
Summary of the full text: Based on the above aspects, we can see that it is actually very difficult to choose a server suitable for the enterprise. When a company chooses a server, try to consult professionals, consider it well, and try to choose a good after-sales service when buying. Enterprises, even if problems arise in the future, they can be resolved in time. For example, the servers of IBM, HP, Dell, Lenovo, Inspur, Sugon and other enterprises have a very good reputation in the market and are trustworthy!